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Acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) refer to viral and bacterial infections of the respiratory system that may affect the various organ structures of the nasal and sinus cavities, throat, airways and lungs. The most common acute RTIs include the common cold followed by influenza and now Covid. As a group, RTIs are typically classified into upper and and lower respiratory tract infections with examples being the common cold and bronchitis, respectively.
With time, most respiratory infections get better without treatment, but sometimes you may need over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medication. In this Q&A session, we look at how Chinese medicine may also be used in clinic to help address such conditions, whether used as a stand alone treatment or in combination with other supplements and medication.
What role may Chinese herbal medicine play?
Chinese herbal medicine has a long history in its use for both the prevention and treatment of respiratory conditions.
When used as a preventative measure, herbs that are nourishing in nature, such as Astragalus, are typically prescribed to help improve the immune system and support lung function.
When treating an active infection, the role of Chinese medicine is to help support the body to fight off the infection quickly and minimize recovery time. Its important to note that there is never a one-fits-all approach. A prescription, whether customised or over-the-counter, will always depend on how the respiratory infection presents. For example, someone with a head a cold, will not be prescribed the same formula of herbs as someone who has an acute cough. Likewise, not everyone with an acute cough will be prescribed the same combination of herbs. Rather, the prescription is determined by the nature of the cough and other accompanying symptoms.
What does treatment with Chinese herbal medicine involve?
Chinese herbal medicine may be administered in a variety of forms. Traditionally, dried herbs are decocted into a herbal drink. More modern forms of administration include tinctures, tablets, capsules, granules, concentrated powders and liquid extracts for internal use. External application are also used and include creams, ointments, medicated plasters, washes and compresses.
Prescribed herbs are typically based on classical formulae that have a long history of use, and where appropriate, may be modified to best fit the clinical presentation. With the help of modern pharmacology, we now know that many of these classical formula contain herbs with antimicrobial and antiviral properties.
The composition of a prescription may be changed along the course of an infection. For example, for the first few days emphasis is often placed on prescribing antimicrobial herbs and supporting the immune system. As the infection moves further along the respiratory tract, more emphasis may be placed on clearing mucus in the chest and supporting lung function.
May Chinese medicine be used as a stand-alone treatment for RTIs?
When prescribed appropriately Chinese medicine, for them most part, can be used effectively as a stand alone treatment, especially when commenced during the early stages of an upper RTI. In aggressive cases however, like with pneumonia, a combination of Chinese herbs and prescription medication may be indicated and should/will be advised by your practitioner.
How safe are Chinese herbs for children and the elderly?
Chinese herbal medicine is extremely safe when prescribed correctly by a certified practitioner, and may be used safely and effectively by people of all ages and constitutions.
Chinese medicine practitioners are responsible for ensuring that all herbal products prescribed to you are sourced from reputable suppliers that employ rigorous control measures ensuring products are safe from heavy metals, pesticides and other contaminants.
Are there OTC preparations to treat respiratory tract infections? Can I take them on my own account (self prescribe)?
In short, there are several over-the-counter preparations available, but should only ever be taken under the guidance/prescription of your practitioner. Your practitioner will ensure that you take right OTC preparation and appropriate for your presentation, and also that the OTC brand is reputable.
Can my herbs interfere with other supplements/medication I am taking?
Generally speaking it is safe to take Chinese herbal medicine alongside prescription drugs and other over-the-counter medication/supplements. Occasionally, the combination of certain drugs with certain herbs is not advised. In all cases you should inform your practitioner of any medication/supplements you are currently taking so that this may be taken into account in your treatment. As with any medication, its important to note that herbs should be taken as prescribed by your practitioner.
I am pregnant. Can I still take Chinese medicine for my RTI?
Chinese medicine has a very safe track record, including during pregnancy. Its important however to let you practitioner know of you're pregnancy as this will affect what she can prescribe for you.
Is Chinese medicine contraindicated if I am breastfeeding?
Chinese medicine can be taken effectively and safely when breastfeeding. It is always recommended to take your herbs immediately after a feed so that the longest possible time passes before the next. This recommendation is more of a precaution than a rule, in order to minimize any risk of trace compounds passing through the milk. As with pregnancy, it is important to inform your practitioner that you are breast feeding as there are some herbs that should be avoided.
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